Spain & Portugal Jewish Heritage

Gaudi never lived to see it finished. During the tour we will be impressed by the architect’s other buildings, which are scattered throughout the city. We will see the Plaza Cataluña, the city’s famous main square, as well as the Columbus column, a monument near the harbor built to honor the famous explorer, Christopher Columbus. We will stroll along the famous, vibrant Ramblas Avenue, as well as the nearby Boqueria Market, which is close by. Finally, we will visit the ancient synagogue of the Rashba – Rabbi Shimon Ben Adret.

Gerona is one of the centers of Jewish creativity in the Middle Ages and one of the wellsprings of the Kabalah. We’ll wander through the old city’s alleyways to the Jewish quarter, where only street names remain to tell of its glorious past. We’ll visit the museum that displays ancient Jewish tombstones. At the end of the day we’ll head back to Barcelona.

We will see the Ambassadors’ Hall where the expulsion order of Spanish Jewry was signed by the Catholic Kings Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. It was from here that Columbus was sent to discover the “New World”. We will admire the Lions’ courtyard and the Hadasim courtyard, and we will mention them in the amazing context of Rabbi Shlomo Ibn Gabirol and Shmuel Hanagid, who was an army minister and the chief minister in the court of the ruler. Our visit to the palace will end with an enjoyable walk in the Generalife, a garden area attached to the Alhambra which became a place of recreation and rest for the Granadan Muslim kings when they wanted to flee the tedium of official life in the Palace. At the end of the visit, we will visit the Caves of Albaysin, where the Gypsies lived in Granada in the past (and some even in the present).

We will cross the Guadalquivir (the Great River), walking on the ancient Roman bridge, and visit the Old City, which is a testimony to the glorious Jewish community that existed here during the period of the Moorish rule. We will visit the squares and streets that still bear names reminiscent of the Land of Israel, such as Tiberias Square and Yehuda Halevy Square. We will see the statue of the Rambam, erected by the city’s leaders in memory of the “Great Eagle.” We will enter the synagogue named after the Rambam, stroll along the picturesque alleyways and visit the Mezquita, once the great mosque of Cordoba that now serves as the local cathedral.

Gibraltar is the abbreviation of Jabel al-Tariq – after the Berber conqueror from North Africa who invaded Spain and brought about the beginning of Muslim rule for 800 years. We will see Monkey Colony, walk through the city streets and soak in the British atmosphere that dominates the colony. During the tour we will experience the unique Jewish aspect of the place and will discuss the harmony between the different religions. We‘ll continue to our hotel to prepare for Shabbat.

The bullfighting tradition was born and grew up here. Generations of bullfighters from the local Romero family have created a legacy of martial art and styles, which to this day are accepted throughout Spain. But Ronda is not only famous for bullfighting. In this stunning city, sitting on its steep cliffs, Ernest Hemingway was inspired to write his book “For Whom the Bells Toll” about the terrible civil war in Spain. After the visit we will continue to Seville. Upon arrival, we will visit the fort of Alcazar and see the magnificent Cathedral of Seville, one of the largest in the world, where Cristopher Columbus is buried. We will continue to the magnificent España Square and see the Spanish Pavilions of South America built for the exhibition planned for the late 1920s. We will continue with a walking tour of the Jewish Quarte, the “Juderia”, now called the Santa Cruz District, and will discuss the city’s Jewish roots and history.

In the walled city, which has been declared a cultural heritage site by UNESCO, we will find ruins including the oldest Roman Temple in Portugal. A Jewish community was once concentrated in the Juderia district and to this day remains can be found dating back to the 15th and 16th centuries, as well as symbols from the Inquisition period, when many “Marranos” were burned at the stake. This city was the headquarters of the Inquisition of Portugal. We will walk through its alleys and visit the Roman temple of Diana.

In the synagogue there is a display showing the integration of Jews in the town’s famous textile industry and in various other industries. Here, the President of Portugal, Mario Suarez, apologized to the Jewish people for the terrible injustice and murder his people have committed. We will walk through paved alleys and hear about the community that lived here in the past and how they came to accept Christianity by royal decree. We will also see the fortress that gave the city its name. At the end of the tour we will drive to Marvao, the city of the hilltop citadel, and from there we’ll continue to Belmonte, built around a 13th century fortress. The town preserves the history of the Jews well – to such an extent that it is also home to a community former Marranos who, after 500 years without Jewish tradition, decided to return to Judaism in the 1980s.

After visiting the museum, we will stop at the local synagogue, Beit Eliahu, and become acquainted with the local people and the Shavei Israel organization, which works to help bring the Marranos back to Judaism. We will continue to Guarda, to visit the Jewish Quarter, to see the engravings of various shapes on the door frames of the Marranos. After that we will travel to Trancoso, which was an important Jewish center in the Middle Ages, and visit the synagogue and the newly opened Jewish museum, and if we are lucky, we might meet some of the local Jewish / Marrano residents.

At the end of the tour we will continue to the old town of Tomar. We will visit the ancient synagogue that was built in 1430 and named after Abraham, a Jewish astronomer and mathematician after whom a crater on the moon is named. We will stroll through the quiet streets of the town, between ancient buildings and conservation sites, and walk up to the impressive 12th century fortress – a Templar monastery that dominates the city. At the end of the visit, we’ll head for Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.

For the courageous among us there is a real challenge – walking on the town wall. But the reward for accepting the challenge is the amazing view of the surrounding landscapes that are revealed. We‘ll continue to Nazare, a beautiful fishing village that sits atop a rocky outcrop that overlooks the sea. After the tour we will depart to Lisbon, Portugal‘s capital city which sits astride the Tejo river estuary on the Atlantic coast. Lisbon, like Rome, is built upon seven hills. The most famous hill is the Afalma upon which the old city is built, as is Lisbon‘s ancient Jewish quarter. We‘ll make our way to our hotel to prepare for Shabbat.

Originally it was built as a summer palace for the kings of Portugal. We will see the unique palace with the huge chimneys above its kitchen. We will continue along the coast to the westernmost point of Europe, Cabo de Rocca, and continue to Cascais, the most prestigious resort town in Portugal, and see the “Devil’s throat.” From there we’ll continue to the resort town of Estoril, a town with a casino, hotels and luxurious villas inhabited by some of the world’s the richest people as well as some exiled kings. At the conclusion of this day full of experiences, we will return to our hotel in Lisbon.

We will visit the district of Belem (Portuguese for Bethlehem), a quarter built on the waterfront and where Vasco da Gama is buried. We will see the Tower of Belem and the monument to the explorers of Portugal. We will climb to the heights of St. George’s Castle overlooking the city and then descend via the winding alleyways of the ancient Alfa district, which also includes the Juderia (the Jewish Quarter). Our fascinating excursion is over. We’ll go to the airport in Lisbon and fly back home.